Development of Input-Output Model for Science and Technology

As such, there is no doubt that the manufacturing industry has been playing the leading part in the development of Japanese industries, but at the same time it cannot be overlooked that in the background there were severe competition among enterprises and also technological innovation. For the latter in particular, the manufacturing industry after the war to 1960s concentrated on how to 'catch up European and American technologies'. Nowadays, as Japan gets more competitive in exporting, Europe and America are increasingly criticizing Japan as 'a free rider on their technology' and beginning to change their policies on intellectual property rights. In these circumstances, Japan needs to develop its own technology. Significance and evaluation of R&D are also important in considering policy and business management.